Multiple github accounts on the same computer windows

Getting into shape

To manage a git repo under a separate github/bitbucket/whatever account, you simply need to generate a new SSH key.

But before we can start pushing/pulling repos with your second identity, we gotta get you into shape – Let’s assume your system is setup with a typical id_rsa and id_rsa.pub key pair. Right now your tree ~/.ssh looks like this

$ tree ~/.ssh/Users/you/.ssh├── known_hosts├── id_rsa└── id_rsa.pub

First, name that key pair – adding a descriptive name will help you remember which key is used for which user/remote

# change to your ~/.ssh directory$ cd ~/.ssh# rename the private key$ mv id_rsa github-mainuser# rename the public key$ mv id_rsa.pub github-mainuser.pub

Next, let’s generate a new key pair – here I’ll name the new key github-otheruser

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ~/.ssh/github-otheruser

Now, when we look at tree ~/.ssh we see

$ tree ~/.ssh/Users/you/.ssh├── known_hosts├── github-mainuser├── github-mainuser.pub├── github-otheruser└── github-otheruser.pub 

Next, we need to setup a ~/.ssh/config file that will define our key configurations. We’ll create it with the proper owner-read/write-only permissions

$ (umask 077; touch ~/.ssh/config)

Open that with your favourite editor, and add the following contents

Host github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github-mainuserHost github.com-otheruser HostName github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github-otheruser

Presumably, you’ll have some existing repos associated with your primary github identity. For that reason, the “default” github.com Host is setup to use your mainuser key. If you don’t want to favour one account over another, I’ll show you how to update existing repos on your system to use an updated ssh configuration.

Add your new SSH key to github

Head over to github.com/settings/keys to add your new public key

You can get the public key contents using: copy/paste it to github

$ cat ~/.ssh/github-otheruser.pubssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAACAQDBVvWNQ2nO5...

Now your new user identity is all setup – below we’ll show you how to use it.

Getting stuff done: cloning a repo

So how does this come together to work with git and github? Well because you can’t have a chicken without and egg, we’ll look at cloning an existing repo. This situation might apply to you if you have a new github account for your workplace and you were added to a company project.

Let’s say github.com/someorg/somerepo already exists and you were added to it – cloning is as easy as

$ git clone github.com-otheruser:someorg/somerepo.git

That bolded portion must match the Host name we setup in your ~/.ssh/config file. That correctly connects git to the corresponding IdentityFile and properly authenticates you with github

Getting stuff done: creating a new repo

Well because you can’t have a chicken without and egg, we’ll look at publishing a new repo on your secondary account. This situation applies to users that are create new content using their secondary github account.

Let’s assume you’ve already done a little work locally and you’re now ready to push to github. You can follow along with me if you’d like

$ cd ~$ mkdir somerepo$ cd somerepo$ git init

Now configure this repo to use your identity

$ git config user.name "Mister Manager"$ git config user.email "[email protected]"

Now make your first commit

$ echo "hello world" > readme$ git add .$ git commit -m "first commit"

Check the commit to see your new identity was used using git log

$ git log --pretty="%H %an <%ae>"f397a7cfbf55d44ffdf87aa24974f0a5001e1921 Mister Manager <[email protected]>

Alright, time to push to github! Since github doesn’t know about our new repo yet, first go to github.com/new and create your new repo – name it somerepo

Now, to configure your repo to “talk” to github using the correct identity/credentials, we have add a remote. Assuming your github username for your new account is someuser …

$ git remote add origin github.com-otheruser:someuser/somerepo.git

That bolded portion is absolutely critical and it must match the Host that we defined in your ~/.ssh/config file

Lastly, push the repo

$ git push origin master

Update an existing repo to use a new SSH configuration

Say you already have some repo cloned, but now you want to use a new SSH configuration. In the example above, we kept your existing repos in tact by assigning your previous id_rsa/id_rsa.pub key pair to Host github.com in your SSH config file. There’s nothing wrong with this, but I have at least 5 github configurations now and I don’t like thinking of one of them as the “default” configuration – I’d rather be explicit about each one.

Before we had this

Host github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github-mainuserHost github.com-otheruser HostName github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github-otheruser

So we will now update that to this (changes in bold)

Host github.com-mainuser HostName github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github-mainuserHost github.com-otheruser HostName github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github-otheruser

But now any existing repo with a github.com remote will not work with this identity file. But don’t worry, it’s a simple fix.

To update any existing repo to use your new SSH configuration, update the repo’s remote origin field using set-url –

$ cd existingrepo$ git remote set-url origin github.com-mainuser:someuser/existingrepo.git

That’s it. Now you can push/pull to your heart’s content

SSH key file permissions

If you’re running into trouble with your public keys not working correctly, SSH is quite strict on the file permissions allowed on your ~/.ssh directory and corresponding key files

As a rule of thumb, any directories should be 700 and any files should be 600 – this means they are owner-read/write-only – no other group/user can read/write them

$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/github-mainuser$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/github-mainuser.pub$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/github-otheruser$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/github-otheruser.pub

How I manage my SSH keys

I manage separate SSH keys for every host I connect to, such that if any one key is ever compromised, I don’t have to update keys on every other place I’ve used that key. This is like when you get that notification from Adobe that 150 million of their users’ information was stolen – now you have to cancel that credit card and update every service that depends on it – what a nuisance.

Here’s what my ~/.ssh directory looks like: I have one .pem key for each user, in a folder for each domain I connect to. I use .pem keys to so I only need one file per key.

$ tree ~/.ssh/Users/myuser/.ssh├── another.site│   ├── myuser.pem├── config├── github.com│   ├── myuser.pem│   ├── someusername.pem├── known_hosts├── somedomain.com│   ├── someuser.pem└── someotherdomain.org    └── root.pem

And here’s my corresponding /.ssh/config file – obviously the github stuff is relevant to answering this question about github, but this answer aims to equip you with the knowledge to manage your ssh identities on any number of services/machines.

Host another.site User muyuser IdentityFile ~/.ssh/another.site/muyuser.pemHost github.com-myuser HostName github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github.com/myuser.pemHost github.com-someuser HostName github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github.com/someusername.pemHost somedomain.com HostName 162.10.20.30 User someuser IdentityFile ~/.ssh/somedomain.com/someuser.pemHost someotherdomain.org User someuser IdentityFile ~/.ssh/someotherdomain.org/root.pem

Getting your SSH public key from a PEM key

Above you noticed that I only have one file for each key. When I need to provide a public key, I simply generate it as needed.

So when github asks for your ssh public key, run this command to output the public key to stdout – copy/paste where needed

$ ssh-keygen -y -f someuser.pemssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAA...

Note, this is also the same process I use for adding my key to any remote machine. The ssh-rsa AAAA... value is copied to the remote’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file

Converting your id_rsa/id_rsa.pub key pairs to PEM format

So you want to tame you key files and cut down on some file system cruft? Converting your key pair to a single PEM is easy

$ cd ~/.ssh$ openssl rsa -in id_rsa -outform pem > id_rsa.pem

Or, following along with our examples above, we renamed id_rsa -> github-mainuser and id_rsa.pub -> github-mainuser.pub – so

$ cd ~/.ssh$ openssl rsa -in github-mainuser -outform pem > github-mainuser.pem

Now just to make sure that we’ve converted this correct, you will want to verify that the generated public key matches your old public key

# display the public key$ cat github-mainuser.pubssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAA ... R++Nu+wDj7tCQ==# generate public key from your new PEM$ ssh-keygen -y -f someuser.pemssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAA ... R++Nu+wDj7tCQ==

Now that you have your github-mainuser.pem file, you can safely delete your old github-mainuser and github-mainuser.pub files – only the PEM file is necessary; just generate the public key whenever you need it ^_^

Creating PEM keys from scratch

You don’t need to create the private/public key pair and then convert to a single PEM key. You can create the PEM key directly.

Let’s create a newuser.pem

$ openssl genrsa -out ~/.ssh/newuser.pem 4096

Getting the SSH public key is the same

$ ssh-keygen -y -f ~/.ssh/newuser.pemssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAACA ... FUNZvoKPRQ==

How To Work With Multiple Github Accounts on a single Machine

Let suppose I have two github accounts, https://github.com/rahul-office and https://github.com/rahul-personal. Now i want to setup my mac to easily talk to both the github accounts.

NOTE: This logic can be extended to more than two accounts also. 🙂

The setup can be done in 5 easy steps:

• Step 1 : Create SSH keys for all accounts
• Step 2 : Add SSH keys to SSH Agent
• Step 3 : Add SSH public key to the Github
• Step 4 : Create a Config File and Make Host Entries
• Step 5 : Cloning GitHub repositories using different accounts

Step 1

Create SSH keys for all accounts

First make sure your current directory is your .ssh folder.

 $ 
cd
 
~
/.ssh

Syntax for generating unique ssh key for ann account is:

 ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 
"
your-email-address
"
 -f 
"
github-username
"

here,

-C stands for comment to help identify your ssh key

-f stands for the file name where your ssh key get saved

Now generating SSH keys for my two accounts

 ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 
"
[email protected]
"
 -f 
"
github-rahul-office
"
 ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 
"
[email protected]
"
 -f 
"
github-rahul-personal
"

Notice here rahul-office and rahul-work are the username of my github accounts corresponding to [email protected] and [email protected] email ids respectively.

After entering the command the terminal will ask for passphrase, leave it empty and proceed.

Now after adding keys , in your .ssh folder, a public key and a private will get generated.

The public key will have an extention .pub and private key will be there without any extention both having same name which you have passed after -f option in the above command. (in my case github-rahul-office and github-rahu-personal)

Step 2

Add SSH keys to SSH Agent

Now we have the keys but it cannot be used until we add them to the SSH Agent.

 ssh-add -K 
~
/.ssh/github-rahul-office ssh-add -K 
~
/.ssh/github-rahul-personal

You can read more about adding keys to SSH Agent here.

Step 3

Add SSH public key to the Github

For the next step we need to add our public key (that we have generated in our previous step) and add it to corresponding github accounts.

For doing this we need to:

1. Copy the public key

 We can copy the public key either by opening the github-rahul-office.pub file in vim and then copying the content of it.

 vim 
~
/.ssh/github-rahul-office.pub vim 
~
/.ssh/github-rahul-personal.pub

OR

We can directly copy the content of the public key file in the clipboard.

 pbcopy 
<
 
~
/.ssh/github-rahul-office.pub pbcopy 
<
 
~
/.ssh/github-rahul-personal.pub

2. Paste the public key on Github

• Sign in to Github Account
• Goto Settings > SSH and GPG keys > New SSH Key
• Paste your copied public key and give it a Title of your choice.

OR

• Sign in to Github
• Paste this link in your browser (https://github.com/settings/keys) or click here
• Click on New SSH Key and paste your copied key.

Step 4

Create a Config File and Make Host Entries

The ~/.ssh/config file allows us specify many config options for SSH.

If config file not already exists then create one (make sure you are in ~/.ssh directory)

 touch config

The commands below opens config in your default editor….Likely TextEdit, VS Code.

 open config

Now we need to add these lines to the file, each block corresponding to each account we created earlier.

 #rahul-office account Host github.com-rahul-office HostName github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github-rahul-office #rahul-personal account Host github.com-rahul-personal HostName github.com User git IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github-rahul-personal

Step 5

Cloning GitHub repositories using different accounts

So we are done with our setups and now its time to see it in action. We will clone a repository using one of the account we have added.

Make a new project folder where you want to clone your repository and go to that directory from your terminal.

For Example:I am making a repository on my personal github account and naming it TestRepoNow for cloning the repo use the below command:

 git clone [email protected]{your-username}:{owner-user-name}/{the-repo-name}.git [e.g.] git clone [email protected]:rahul-personal/TestRepo.git

Finally

From now on, to ensure that our commits and pushes from each repository on the system uses the correct GitHub user — we will have to configure user.email and user.name in every repository freshly cloned or existing before.

To do this use the following commands.

 git config user.email "[email protected]" git config user.name "Rahul Pandey" git config user.email "[email protected]" git config user.name "Rahul Pandey"

Pick the correct pair for your repository accordingly.

To push or pull to the correct account we need to add the remote origin to the project

 git remote add origin [email protected]:rahul-personal git remote add origin [email protected]:rahul-office

Now you can use:

 git push git pull